NAEP Analysis and Scaling → Estimation of NAEP Score Scales → Treatment of Items to Avoid Violations of Assumptions → Results of NAEP Differential Item Functioning (DIF) Analyses → Results of NAEP Differential Item Functioning (DIF) Analysis for Mathematics Long-Term Trend Assessment in 2008

NAEP Technical DocumentationResults of NAEP Differential Item Functioning (DIF) Analysis for Mathematics Long-Term Trend Assessment in 2008

For dichotomously scored items, NAEP categorizes each item into one of three categories: "A" (items exhibiting no DIF), "B" (items exhibiting a weak indication of DIF), or "C" (items exhibiting a strong indication of DIF). A plus sign (+) indicates that items are differentially easier for the focal group (female, Black, or Hispanic students) than for the reference group (male or White students) after making an adjustment for the overall level of proficiency in the two groups; a minus sign (-) indicates that items are differentially more difficult for the focal group than for the reference group. Mathematics long-term trend (LTT) does not have any polytomously-scored items for final scaling.

Number of dichotomously scored items, mathematics long-term trend assessment, by differential item functioning (DIF) category and age: 2008

Age	DIF category	Female-Male	Black-White	Hispanic-White
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2008 Mathematics Long-Term Trend Assessment.
9	C-	0	3	3
	B-	5	10	8
	A	128	114	111
	B+	2	6	11
	C+	0	2	2
13	C-	1	1	0
	B-	10	10	8
	A	133	131	132
	B+	8	9	12
	C+	1	2	1
17	C-	10	1	0
	B-	9	6	5
	A	122	141	143
	B+	12	7	7
	C+	2	0	0

Items identified as 'C'  items in at least one comparison, mathematics long-term trend assessment, by block and age: 2008

Age	Block	Item	Scale1	Comparison	Group favored
1 Single overall scale. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2008 Mathematics Long-Term Trend Assessment.
9	M1	N292101	Mathematics LTT	Black-White	White
	M1	N292101		Hispanic-White	White
	M1	N293501		Black-White	White
	M4	N313701		Black-White	Black
	M4	N313701		Hispanic-White	Hispanic
	M4	N313801		Black-White	White
	M4	N313801		Hispanic-White	White
	M5	N288101		Black-White	Black
	M5	N288501		Hispanic-White	White
	M6	N290201		Hispanic-White	Hispanic
13	M2	N294601	Mathematics LTT	Hispanic-White	Hispanic
	M2	N294701		Female-Male	Male
	M2	N302701		Black-White	White
	M3	N324401		Female-Male	Female
	M3	N325401		Black-White	Black
	M6	N290201		Black-White	Black
17	M1	N307201	Mathematics LTT	Female-Male	Male
	M1	N307501		Female-Male	Male
	M1	N308501		Female-Male	Female
	M2	N302701		Black-White	White
	M2	N308801		Female-Male	Male
	M2	N308901		Female-Male	Male
	M2	N309101		Female-Male	Female
	M2	N309801		Female-Male	Male
	M3	N327201		Female-Male	Male
	M4	N317701		Female-Male	Male
	M4	N318601		Female-Male	Male
	M5	N297101		Female-Male	Male
	M6	N305601		Female-Male	Male

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