NAEP Technical DocumentationNumber of Items by Severity of Differential Item Functioning, Reading Combined National and State Assessments, by DIF Category and Grade: 2011

For dichotomously scored items, NAEP categorizes each item into one of three categories: "A" (items exhibiting no DIF), "B" (items exhibiting a weak indication of DIF), or "C" (items exhibiting a strong indication of DIF). A plus sign (+) indicates that items are differentially easier for the focal group (female, Black, or Hispanic students) than for the reference group (male or White students) after making an adjustment for the overall level of proficiency in the two groups; a minus sign (-) indicates that items are differentially more difficult for the focal group than for the reference group. For polytomously scored items, NAEP categorizes items into "AA," "BB," or "CC" categories and the plus or minus sign has the same interpretation as dichotomously scored items. After reviewing "C" and "CC" items, subject area specialists decided that no items were biased, so none were deleted from the scales for this reason.

Number of dichotomously scored items, reading combined national and state assessments, by differential item functioning (DIF) category and grade: 2011
Grade	DIF category	Female/Male	Black/White	Hispanic/White
NOTE: This includes all items in the assessment (the prescaling decisions). In 2011, grade 12 was not assessed in reading. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2011 Reading Assessment.
4	C-	0	0	0
	B-	4	1	2
	A	86	89	88
	B+	0	0	0
	C+	0	0	0
8	C-	3	2	8
	B-	6	7	10
	A	108	106	99
	B+	4	5	4
	C+	0	1	0

Number of polytomously scored items, reading combined national and state assessments, by differential item functioning (DIF) category and grade: 2011
Grade	DIF category	Male/female	White/Black	White/Hispanic
NOTE: This includes all items in the assessment (the prescaling decisions). In 2011, grade 12 was not assessed in reading. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2011 Reading Assessment.
4	CC-	0	0	0
	BB-	0	0	1
	AA	29	29	27
	BB+	1	1	2
	CC+	0	0	0
8	CC-	0	0	0
	BB-	0	0	0
	AA	41	40	41
	BB+	0	1	0
	CC+	0	0	0

Items identified as 'C' or 'CC' items in at least one comparison, reading combined national and state assessments, by block and grade: 2011
Grade	Block	Item	Scale	Comparison	Group Favored
NOTE: The vocabulary items in the table are excluded from the analysis and reporting of the 2011 reading assessment. Due to the design, however, they were included with the regular 2011 reading items in the DIF analysis. In 2011, grade 12 was not assessed in reading. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2011 Reading Assessment.
8	R1	R059602	Literary	Female-Male	Male
	R6	R058604	Literary	Black-White	Black
	R6	R058609	Literary	Female-Male	Male
	R12	R061008	Information	Black-White	White
	R12	R061008	Information	Hispanic-White	White
	R14	R0V0402	Vocabulary	Hispanic-White	White
	R15	R0V0506	Vocabulary	Hispanic-White	White
	R16	R0V0210	Vocabulary	Black-White	White
	R16	R0V0206	Vocabulary	Hispanic-White	White
	R16	R0V0208	Vocabulary	Hispanic-White	White
	R16	R0V0210	Vocabulary	Hispanic-White	White
	R16	R0V0210	Vocabulary	Female-Male	Male
	R17	R0V0306	Vocabulary	Hispanic-White	White
	R17	R0V0307	Vocabulary	Hispanic-White	White

Last updated 06 January 2016 (GF)

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