NAEP Technical DocumentationNumber of Items by Severity of Differential Item Functioning in the Mathematics Combined National and State Assessment

For dichotomously scored items, NAEP categorizes each item into one of three categories: "A" (items exhibiting no DIF), "B" (items exhibiting a weak indication of DIF), or "C" (items exhibiting a strong indication of DIF). A plus sign (+) indicates that items are differentially easier for the focal group (female, Black, or Hispanic students) than for the reference group (male or White students) after making an adjustment for the overall level of proficiency in the two groups; a minus sign (-) indicates that items are differentially more difficult for the focal group than for the reference group. For polytomously scored items, NAEP categorizes items into "AA," "BB," or "CC" categories and the plus or minus sign has the same interpretation as dichotomously scored items. After reviewing "C" and "CC" items, subject area specialists decided that no items were biased, so none were deleted from the scales for this reason.

Number of dichotomously scored items, mathematics combined national and state assessment, by differential item functioning (DIF) category and grade: 2013

Grade	DIF category	Female/Male	Black/White	Hispanic/White
NOTE: This includes all items in the assessment (the prescaling decisions). SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2013 Mathematics Assessment.
4	C-	0	1	1
	B-	6	1	3
	A	111	112	110
	B+	0	4	3
	C+	0	1	0
8	C-	2	0	0
	B-	1	1	0
	A	119	117	119
	B+	2	6	5
	C+	0	0	0
12	C-	2	2	0
	B-	6	6	3
	A	137	136	143
	B+	3	5	3
	C+	0	0	0

Number of polytomously scored items, mathematics combined national and state assessment, by differential item functioning (DIF) category and grade: 2013

Grade	DIF category	Female/Male	Black/White	Hispanic/White
NOTE: This includes all items in the assessment (the prescaling decisions). SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2013 Mathematics Assessment.
4	CC-	0	0	0
	BB-	0	0	0
	AA	34	34	32
	BB+	0	0	2
	CC+	0	0	0
8	CC-	0	0	0
	BB-	0	1	1
	AA	35	34	34
	BB+	0	0	0
	CC+	0	0	0
12	CC-	0	0	0
	BB-	1	1	0
	AA	51	51	52
	BB+	0	0	0
	CC+	0	0	0

Items identified as 'C' items in at least one comparison, mathematics national assessment: 2013

Grade	Block	Item	Scale	Comparison	Group Favored
4	M4	M147801	Data analysis and probability	Black/White	White
	M4	M147801	Data analysis and probability	Hispanic/White	White
8	M10	M223001	Number properties and operations	Female/Male	Male
	M12	M233101	Measurement	Female/Male	Male
12	M1	M188701	Data analysis and probability	Female/Male	Male
	M3	M197304	Measurement	Female/Male	Male
	M4	M190401	Algebra	Black/White	White
	M11	M189201	Algebra	Black/White	White
NOTE: No 'CC' items were identified. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2013 Mathematics Assessment.

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