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Substitutes were preselected for the twelfth-grade public school sample by sorting the school frame file according to the actual order used in the sampling process (the implicit stratification). Each sampled school had each of its nearest neighbors on the school frame file selected as a potential substitute. The last sort ordering was by grade enrollment. The result was that the nearest neighbors had grade enrollment values very close to that of the sampled school. To be eligible as a potential substitute, the neighbor needed to be a nonsampled school (for any grade). The school should also be in the same implicit stratum as the sampled school. If both nearest neighbors were eligible and in state to be substitutes, the one with a closer grade enrollment was chosen.
About 20 substitutes participated in the twelfth-grade public school sample.