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The NAEP 2012 economics assessment sample design yielded a nationally representative sample of private school students in grade 12 through a three-stage approach: selection of primary sampling units (PSUs), selection of schools within strata, and selection of students within schools. The sample of schools was selected with probability proportional to a measure of size based on the estimated twelfth-grade enrollment in the schools.
The 2012 sampling plan was designed to assess 1,400 twelfth-graders within the NAEP private school sample. These students were allocated among several tests. The operational test was in economics. Pilot tests in reading and mathematics were also administered. Target sample sizes were adjusted to reflect expected private school and student response and eligibility.
Schools on the sampling frame were explicitly stratified prior to sampling by private school affiliation (Catholic, non-Catholic private, and unknown affiliation). Within affiliation type, schools were implicitly stratified by PSU type (certainty/noncertainty). In certainty PSUs, further stratification was by census region, urbanization classification (based on urban-centric locale), and estimated twelfth-grade enrollment. In noncertainty PSUs, additional stratification was by PSU stratum, urbanization classification (based on urban-centric locale), and estimated twelfth-grade enrollment.
From the stratified frame of private schools, systematic random samples of twelfth-grade schools were drawn with probability proportional to a measure of size based on the estimated twelfth-grade enrollment of the school.
Each selected school in the private school sample provided a list of eligible enrolled students from which a systematic, equal probability sample of students was drawn.