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NAEP Technical DocumentationSubstitute Schools for the 2009 Twelfth-Grade Public School National Assessment

Substitutes were preselected for the twelfth-grade public school sample by sorting the school frame file according to a sort order very close to that used in sample selection (the implicit stratification). The two exceptions to this were as follows: (1) school type in the stratification hierarchy was crossed with state (rather than used alone), and (2) estimated grade enrollment replaces median income as the last sort variable. The first change guaranteed that any selected substitutes would be within the same state as the originally sampled nonresponding school. The second change guaranteed that the selected substitute would have a grade enrollment very close to that of the originally selected school. The two candidates for substitutes were then the two nearest neighbors of the originally sampled school on this revised sort order. To be eligible as a potential substitute, the neighbor needed to be a nonsampled school (for any grade). If both nearest neighbors were eligible to be substitutes, the one with a closer grade enrollment was chosen.

Nationally, about 20 substitutes ultimately participated in the twelfth-grade public school sample from the complementary states. In addition, substitute schools were also selected for the 11 state-level samples using the approach described in Substitute Schools for the State Assessments.

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